To evaluate the effects of different treatments on SEED dormancy breaking of Notobasis, two separate experiments were conducted at Agricultural Sciences AND Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, in 2017 with three replications. The first experiment included nine physical, mechanical AND chemical treatments (control, surface scarification, intense scarification, one AND two weeks of chilling at 4°C, soaking into hot water for two hours without scarification , soaking in 25°C distilled water for two hours with scarification  AND acid treatment for six AND 12 minutes) based on completely rANDomized designs (CRD). The Second experiment was hormone priming arranged as a factorial experiment based on completely rANDomized design with gibberellin concentrations (0, 200, 400, 600, 800 AND 1000 ppm) AND priming duration (12 AND 24 hour) as the treatments. The highest SEED GERMINATION (40%) obtained from 12 minutes of acid treatment. Results showed that SEED GERMINATION reached to 100% after priming SEEDs with GA3 concentrations for 12 hours. However, increase the priming durations to 24 hours, significantly declined SEED GERMINATION to 47% in 200 AND 400 ppm of GA3 concentrations. The Increase of GA3 concentrations in 12 hours led to a linear reduction of T50 from 31 hours in 200 ppm to 19 hours in 1000 ppm). In 24 hours of priming treatment, T50 followed a Gaussian function AND the highest T50 (92 hours) was obtained from 600 ppm. It is recommended to immerse the SEEDs for 12 minutes in sulfuric acid AND prime with 400 ppm GA3 acid for 12 hours to break dormancy AND increase the vigor index.

To assesse the iron AND silicon effects on the YIELD AND physiological characteristics of green pea, WANDo cultivar by ASGrow Corporation was used in three levels of iron chelate (0.05, 0.1 AND 0.3 gr per l-1) AND silicon (0, 14 AND 28 mg per l-1), as a factorial experimental in completely rANDomized design with three replications. In this experiment, characterisics such as fresh AND dry weight of grain, the number of grain per pod, concentration of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn AND Si in leaf AND grain were measured. Results showed that the interaction of Fe AND Si was significant at p<0.01 on grain fresh AND dry wigeht, concentratin of leaf AND grain Fe, leaf Mn, leaf AND grain Zn AND leaf Si AND the application of Fe AND Si was significant separately, on other traits such as number of grain per pod, concentration of leaf AND grain Cu, Mn AND Si in grain.  The Mean squares showed that the application of Fe AND Si significantly increased fresh AND dry grain weight AND Si laef concetration AND decreased the concentratin of leaf AND grain Fe AND Mn as well as grain Mn.  The enhancement of Fe AND Si application separately decreased the concentration of Mn, Cu AND zinc leaf AND grains, but the Si concentration of leaf AND grain were increased by Si application. The concentration of Fe, Mn, Cu AND Zn were decreased in leaf AND grain because of antagonistic effects. It can be concluded that Si reduces the harmfull effects of high levels of iron toxicity AND the application of 0.1 g/l AND 25 mg/l can be recommended as the best treatments.

In order to investigate the possibility of quinoa producing in Garmsar, Iran, a factorial experiment conducted in rANDomized complete block design with three replications in 2018-2019 growing season at Garmsar Agricultural Research Station. The factors were planting date at three levels (March 6th, April 1st AND April 6th) AND the three genotypes of quinoa (Q26, Q29 AND Titicaca). Results showed that the effect of planting date was significant for all studied traits except the harvest index. Also, all studied traits were significantly different in all genotypes. Titicaca planted on March 6th had the highest YIELD (2276 kg.ha-1).The grain YIELD AND YIELD components decreased with the delaying the planting date. Compared to early plantings, Latest date, April 6th, led to reduction of all traits, especially grain YIELD (about 50%). The results of simple phenotypic correlation between the studied traits showed that grain YIELD per hectare had the highest correlation with plant YIELD (0.877) AND then with leaf area index (0.832), panicle weight (0.815) AND number of branches per plant (0.745) that was significant at the 1% probability level.

To investigate the effect of weed interference AND weed-free periods on Balangu (Lallemantia royleana Benth. in Wall) AND to evaluate the critical period of weed control (CPWC) in this oilSEED crop, an experiment was conducted as a rANDomized complete block design with three replications in Naghadeh region in 2018. Experimental consisted of two groups of treatments; weed infestation treatments (infestation for 144.2, 345.9, 574, 848.2, 1147.6 AND 1451.3 growing degree day (GDD) after transplanting AND then plots were remained weed-free the rest of the growing season) AND weed-free treatments (weeding for 144.2, 345.9, 574, 848.2, 1147.6 AND 1451.3 GDD after transplanting AND then plots were remained infested until harvesting time). In each block, one weed free AND weed infested control was for all the growing season. Results indicated that the density AND dry biomass of weeds were increased as weed removal was delayed. In contrast, density AND dry biomass of weeds were decreased as weeds establishment was delayed. Height, tetrachenes fruits, ripened achenes, 1000-SEED weight AND biological, SEED AND relative YIELDs of Balangu were decreased AND increased as the duration of weed-infested AND weed-free period increased, respectively. Also, logistic AND Gompertz curves fitted to data showed that the beginning AND end of the CPWC based on a 10% YIELD loss of relative YIELD, was estimated to be from 11 to 108 days after transplanting (97 days weed-free period) in order to prevent a noticeable YIELD loss.

یکی از اهداف مهم در زراعت چغندرقند، افزایش قدرت جوانه زنی و استقرار بوته در شرایط کمبود رطوبتی خاک می باشد. در این تحقیق آبیاری بوته های تولید کننده بذری پس از دریافت 750، 1000، 1250 و 1500 درجه_ روز رشد (GDD) از زمان کاشت ریشه متوقف شد و بذرها در شرایط تنش خشکی تشکیل و رشد یافتند. آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با چهار تیمار و در چهار تکرار انجام شد. در زمان برداشت صفات کمی شامل عملکرد بذر خام، بذر استاندارد، زیر و بالای استاندارد اندازه گیری شد. هم چنین کیفیت جوانه زنی هریک از تیمارها تحت فشارهای اسمزی صفر و 12- بار در چهار تکرار تعیین شد. نتایج نشان داد که عملکرد بذر در تیمار عدم قطع آبیاری (GDD 1500) حدود هفت برابر عملکرد بذر در تیمار قطع زود هنگام (GDD 750) آبیاری است. با به تعویق افتادن زمان قطع آبیاری، درصد وزن بذر استاندارد، قوه نامیه، ویگور و بنیه جوانه زنی افزایش یافت. طول ریشه بیشتر از طول ساقه تحت تاثیر شرایط رطوبتی زمان تشکیل و رشد بذر قرار گرفت. به طوری که عدم قطع آبیاری تا 10 روز قبل از برداشت موجب افزایش طول ریشه و طول ساقه به ترتیب 50 و 30 درصد نسبت به تیمار قطع زود هنگام (GDD 750) آبیاری شد.

To investigate the effects of water deficit stress AND bio AND non-bio fertilizers on Thymus Vulgaris, a split plot experiment was conducted based on rANDomized complete block design with three replications in 2017 in Asgarya agricultural field in Yazd. The treatments included water tension: W1=7 (Control), W2=12 AND W3=17 days irrigation intervals as the main factor AND bio AND non - bio fertilizers at five levels including B1= control (without fertilizer), B2= endo mycorrhiza (Glomus), B3= Azospirillum bacteria, B4= Pseudomonas bacteria AND B5= chemical fertilizer (NPK) a sub – factors. Results showed that the highest flowering branches YIELD, a, b, AND total chlorophylls AND nitrogen AND phosphorus elements were observed in 17 days of irrigation (W3). 12 days of irrigation treatment (W2) showed the highest potassium element rate. The highest a, b AND chlorophylls AND nitrogen were observed in Azospirillum treatment (B3). The highest total chlorophyll, phosphorus element, carotenoids AND flavonoids were observed in Pseudomonas treatment (B4); the highest potassium element rate were obtained in mycorrhiza treatment (B2); the highest flowering branches YIELD were observed in NPK treatment (B5) AND control (B1) treatment resulted in the highest anthocyanin

Recognition AND understANDing the genetic control of traits, combining ability AND genetic structure are directly related to the success of breeding programs. For this purpose, a 7 × 7 one-way diallel design was conducted in a rANDomized complete block design with three replications. The measured traits were included plant height, height to the first capsule, number of days to 50% AND 90% of flowering, number of capsules per plant, number of SEEDs per capsule, number of days to physiological ripening, number of branches, leaves number AND length, 1000-SEEDs weight, capsule weight, length AND width, chlorophyll a, b AND total chlorophyll, biological ANDeconomic YIELDs, harvest index, oil AND protein percentage. Analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between genotypes AND diallel analysis showed that the additive variance of all traits AND dominant variance of all traits except height to the first fruit-bearing capsule were significant. The oltan cultivar was the best AND Ardestan genotype was the worst genotype in terms of general combining ability. Sabzevar×TS-3 AND Sirjan×Fars were the best hybrids in most traits. The general heritability was between 0.90 to 0.96 for biologic YIELD AND number of branches, respectively AND narrow heritability was between 0.36 to 0.91 for the number of branches AND harvest index, respectively. The analysis of variance by Hayman method confirmed the results of Griffing analysis.

In order to identify the correlations AND relationships between different traits in the bread wheat, 30 genotypes were investigated as sub-factors under the split plot experiment in the completely rANDomized design in greenhouse AND the rANDomized complete block design in the field with three replications under the normal irrigation AND post-anthesis water stress conditions. The results of the canonical correlation analysis showed that at both normal AND moisture stress levels, there was a significant correlation between the pair of canonical variables obtained from the phenological traits AND the YIELD components. Under the normal conditions in the greenhouse, to increase the spike density AND length, the number of days to 50% flowering can be considered as a suitable selection criterion. According to the results of canonical correlation analysis, under the stressed conditions in greenhouse, to increase the spike length, the number of days to the heading, maturity AND 50% of flowering were among the important AND effective factors. Under the optimum irrigation conditions in the field, the number of days to maturity was considered as one of the factors influencing the SEED weight per spike. The results of canonical correlation analysis under the field stress conditions showed that to increase the 1000-SEED weight, the number of days to maturity can be considered an appropriate selection criterion.

This study was conducted during summer AND winter of 2018- 2019 in the agricultural research field of Shahid Chamran University. Experimental design was split- plot based on RCBD with three replications. The main plot was the type of agricultural system in three levels including conventional (Conv), organic (Org) AND sustainable (Sust) (integrated between Conv AND Org) AND sup- plot was the type of pre- cultivated crop in sequence with wheat including cultivation of mung bean (M- W), corn (C- W), sesame (S- W) AND fallow (F- W). YIELD quantity (YIELD AND its component) AND quality (grain protein), an estimate of photosynthesis matter transfer index of wheat AND soil organic carbon (SOC) after one double-cropping were measured. The result showed that the highest (545.04 g/m2) AND the lowest (409.28 g/m2) SEED YIELDs were obtained in Conv AND Org respectively. In contract, with the changing type of system from Conv to Org, grain protein was increased significantly (from 8.3 to 9.6 %). In addition, the highest (535.47 g/m2) YIELD of wheat was obtained from M- W double cropping. On the other hANDs the highest remobilization AND current photosynthesis matter were obtained in the organic agricultural system with M- W AND conventional with M- W double cropping. The situation of SOC showed that the highest (33.18 mg/g) SOC was obtained in the organic agricultural system with C- W double cropping. The reason for improving SOC in the organic AND sustainable agricultural system was application of organic matter (compost AND vermicompost) AND crop residue management. Totally, from the crop ecology point of view, sustainable agricultural method with a sequence of M- W was the most desirable system.